![]() ![]() Although arsenic has historically been extracted for use in paint, weedkillers and insecticides (most notably at Botallack in the late 19th century), it was generally a by-product of tin and copper processing. As a result of both natural and human processes, heavy metal contamination is present across much of the county, with arsenic levels varying in accordance with geological formations and their subsequent exploitation in the 19th and 20th centuries. Alquifou (based, along with the word alcohol, on the Arabic word "al-kuhl") is a lead ore found in Cornwall, and used by potters to give pottery a green glaze. lead and zinc) have been mined in Cornwall. It is thought that tin ore ( cassiterite) was mined in Cornwall as early as the Bronze Age. As a result, Cornwall was one of the most important mining areas in Europe until the early 20th century. The intrusion of granite into the surrounding sedimentary rocks gave rise to extensive metamorphism and mineralisation. See also: Cornubian batholith ยง Mineral formation In the 20th century the extraction of kaolin was important economically. Quarrying of the igneous and metamorphic rocks has also been a significant industry. In view of the economic importance of mines and quarries, geological studies have been conducted about forty distinct minerals have been identified from type localities in Cornwall (e.g. In addition, work has begun on re-opening the Hemerdon tungsten and tin mine in south-west Devon. Tin deposits still exist in Cornwall, and there has been talk of reopening the South Crofty tin mine. arsenic, silver, and zinc) have been mined in Cornwall and Devon. Historically, tin and copper as well as a few other metals (e.g. In 2021, it was announced that a new mine was extracting battery-grade lithium carbonate, more than 20 years after the closure of the last South Crofty tin mine in Cornwall in 1998. Some tin mining continued long after the mining of other metals had become unprofitable, but ended in the late 20th century. Tin, and later copper, were the most commonly extracted metals. ![]() Mining in Cornwall and Devon, in the southwest of England, began in the early Bronze Age, around 2150 BC. Waterwheel at Morwellham Quay, once used to crush manganese ore ![]()
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